Chemical-mediated translocation in protocell-based microactuators

Artificial cell-like communities participate in diverse modes of chemical interaction but exhibit minimal interfacing with their local environment. Here we develop an interactive microsystem based on the immobilization a population enzyme-active semipermeable proteinosomes within helical hydrogel filament to implement signal-induced movement. We attach large single-polynucleotide/peptide microcapsules at one or both ends protocell produce free-standing soft microactuators that sense and process signals perform mechanical work. Different translocation are achieved by synergistic antagonistic enzyme reactions located connector inside attached microcapsule loads. Mounting ratchet-like surface produces directional push–pull Our methodology opens up route protocell-based systems capable utilizing work provides step towards engineering microscale objects increased levels operational autonomy. Although many involve protocell–protocell interactions have been developed, there fewer reports protocell–environment systems. Now, filaments—in which enzyme-containing immobilized—have shown contract expand as environment changes. Enzyme processing regulates chemomechanical responses generate different actuation microstructures.